D.F.D.S. DELT FORENEDE DAMPSKIBS-SELSKAB, NATCH DEM NORDEN

DFDS is Northern Eu rope's largest shipping and logisti cs company. The company's name is an abbreviation of Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab (literally The United Steamship Company). DFDS was founded in 1866, when C.F. Tietgen merged the three biggest Danish steamship companies of that day.

Although DFDS has generally concentrated on freight and passenger traffic on the North Sea and to the Baltic Sea, it has also operated freight services to the USA, South America and the Mediterranean in the past. Since the eighties, DFDS' focus for shipping has been northern Europe. Today, DFDS operates a network of 25 routes with 50 freight and passenger ships in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and the English Channel under the name DFDS Seaways. The rail and land based haulage and container activities are operated by DFDS Logistics.

History

The Start

Det Forenede Dampskibs-Selskab was formed on 11 December 1866 as a merger of the three biggest Danish steamship companies under the leadership of Danish financier Carl Frederik Tietgen. Operations began on 1 January 1867 with 19 ships with Copenhagen as the main starting point. The company's routes at the time were from Denmark to Norway, the Baltic, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Iceland and The Faeroe Islands, with ships carrying both freight and passengers. As the company grew, new connections were opened to Sweden, France, the Mediterranean and Black Sea, as well as North America and South America. In addition, DFDS operated various domestic services in Denmark. After continued expansion of the fleet in the 1880s, DFDS became one of the world's ten largest ship-owning companies. After the takeover of Dampskibsselskabet Thingvalla in 1898, the Scandinavian-American Line was established.^[3] The Scandinavian-American Line continued trading to the United States until 1935.^[4]

The Two World Wars

The First World War took a heavy toll on DFDS' fleet, with 26 ships lost. During the post-war depression, a further 30 ships were laid up. The company revived with the establishment of new routes, and by the mid-1920s, DFDS's fleet consisted of 124 ships with a combined tonnage of 233,364 GRT. The Second World War saw further losses to the company, with nine ships lost before the German invasion of Denmark in April 1940. A large number of DFDS ships fell into British hands after the German invasion, and they were used as troopships. German forces commandeered a total of 21 DFDS ships during the war. One DFDS ship, the Kronprins Frederik, was under construction when the war began. To prevent her usage by the Germans, vital engine parts were "lost", only to be discovered after the end of the war. In total, DFDS lost 31 ships during World War II, with a further three ships lost due to hitting mines after the end of the war.^[4] In 1948, 48 people drowned when KJØBENHAVN hit a mine. Five people lost their lives in the mine explosion of IVAR in 1949 and, as recently as 1950, FRIGGA sank, without loss of life, after having hit a mine. To replace some of the lost ships, a number of almost-completed motor ships, which had been laid up awaiting the end of the war, were made ready. Gradually, the routes that had been discontinued since the beginning of the war, were reopened.

Between the Wars

DFDS created a sensation when they launched the World's first motor-driven short-sea passenger ship in 1925, from the Elsinore Shipbuilding & Engineering Co. The first of four sister vessels built between 1925 and 1932, the m.v."Parkeston" ( 2,762 GRT ) made her maiden voyage from Esbjerg to Harwich on 8 October 1925 at an average speed of 16.5 knots, burning 18 tons of oil per day compared with 55 tons of coal burnt by a similar predecessor on the route.^[5]

The Fifties & Sixties

In 1950, DFDS was one of the first to introduce a door-to-door solution. Two ships were specially designed to transport small wooden containers. DFDS commenced a new service, linking Danish mainland to Greenland. This was discontinued in 1959. In 1957, Nordana Line - cargo service Gulf of Mexico-Mediterranean - began. For the first time in DFDS's history, the company played the role of cross-trader. 1964 saw the introduction of the first ro-ro passenger ferry, when M.S. England entered service on a route connecting Esbjerg to Harwich. In 1965, the Transport Rationalization Department, which later became DFDS Transport, began its activities. M.S. AKERSHUS, the first real passenger-and-car ship which could also take trucks and trailers, was entered into service on the Frederikshavn-Oslo route.

In 1966, a hundred years after its start, the DFDS fleet consisted of 13 passenger ships, 53 cargo vessels, 4 tugboats and 39 barges. A comprehensive new ship programme commenced, with 25 ships on order. The passenger ships served on routes connecting Denmark to Norway, the UK, Faroe Islands, Iceland and Finland (though the Finland service was discontinued in 1966) alongside domestic services. The freight services continued, linking Denmark to the Americas and various European and Mediterranean ports. BOTNIA, the last steamship, was sold after more than 50 years of service. DFDS was no longer a steamship company. Between 1967 and 1970, four identical car-passenger ferries, originally named m.s. Kong Olav V, m.s. Prinsesse Margarethe, m.s. Aalborghus and m.s. Trekroner entered service on the Copenhagen—Oslo and Copenhagen—Aalborg routes. However, the Copenhagen—Aalborg service was closed that same year, in 1970.

CLASSEMENT DES AFFICHES SELON LEUR CONSERVATION (en gras celui correspondant à cette affiche):

A+ Parfait état de conservation, très rare trouver un exemplaire dans cet état impeccable.

A  Une affiche dans un très bon état de conservation. Il peut présenter une déchirure inestimable et il ne présente pas manque de papier dans les marges. Les couleurs sont fraîches et des taches ne se peuvent pas apprécier.

A- Elle peut présenter une marque légère de pli, de déchirure ou un petit manque de papier dans les marges. S'il présente une restauration, elle est réalisée avec succès.

B+ L’affiche peut être restauré. Les défauts sont légèrement appréciés.

B  Une affiche dans un bon état de conservation. Il présente des déchirures, quelques taches et quelques manques de papier, en n'affectant jamais à l'aire cruciale du design. Les couleurs sont fraîches et l’affiche a une apparence générale très bonne.

B- L’affiche est restaurée, on apprécie quelques défauts et une légère perte de couleur dans les marques de pli.

C+ Les restaurations sont visibles.

C  Une affiche dans un état de conservation régulier. Il présente des déchirures, des taches, des marques de pli et même des manques du papier qu'il peut partiellement toucher à l'aire cruciale du design, les couleurs peuvent être un peu pâles et l’affiche a une apparence régulière plutôt que bonne.

C- Demande restauration.